The PNP and NPN transistors can be differentiated using a Multimeter. In a Practical transistor, there is a notch present near the emitter lead for identification. Hence the terminals are always to be kept in mind while using a transistor. Due to the specific functions of emitter and collector, they are not interchangeable. As the collector of a transistor has to dissipate much greater power, it is made large. The arrow-head in the above figures indicated the emitter of a transistor. The symbols of PNP and NPN transistors are as shown below. This is a bit larger in size than emitter and base. Its name implies its function of collecting the carriers. The right side material in the above figure can be understood as a Collector. Its main function is to pass the majority carriers from the emitter to the collector. The middle material in the above figure is the Base. This is simply indicated with the letter E. either electrons or holes.Īs this emits electrons, it is called as an Emitter. This has a moderate size and is heavily doped as its main function is to supply a number of majority carriers, i.e. The left hand side of the above shown structure can be understood as Emitter. They have their functionality as discussed below. The three terminals drawn from the transistor indicate Emitter, Base and Collector terminals. The construction of transistors is as shown in the following figure which explains the idea discussed above. They are PNP and NPN which means an N-type material between two Ptypes and the other is a P-type material between two N-types respectively. This type of connection offers two types of transistors. Three terminals are drawn out of the three semiconductor materials present in it. The Transistor is a three terminal solid state device which is formed by connecting two diodes back to back. It also regulates the incoming current and voltage of the signals. A transistor also acts as a switch to choose between available options. Amplification is needed wherever the signal strength has to be increased. Amplification means increasing the signal strength. Now if this signal is read as it is, you cannot get a fair output. The received signal will obviously be weak due to the disturbances it would face during its journey. Suppose that you have a FM receiver which grabs the signal you want. A Transistor is a three terminal semiconductor device that regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for signals. After having a good knowledge on the working of the diode, which is a single PN junction, let us try to connect two PN junctions which make a new component called Transistor.
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